Resources & Data

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Reference	Year	Outcome	N	r (raw)	r (corrected)	Measure

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Decision attributes

LLM Attribute Comparison

We used state-of-the-art LLMs to rate each outcome on Risk, Benefit, Uncertainty, and Organizational Valence. Compare two outcomes below.

Validated Measures

Recommended scales from our meta-analytic review (Table S5).

DOSPERT

Authors: Blais & Weber (2006)

Domains: Ethical, Financial, Health/Safety, Recreational, Social.

GRiPS

Authors: Zhang, Highhouse, & Nye (2019)

Description: 8-item unidimensional measure of general risk propensity.

RPS

Authors: Meertens & Lion (2008)

Description: General risk-taking tendency.

Construct Definitions

Risk Aversion

The tendency to prefer options with more certain or stable outcomes over those with higher uncertainty. Reflects discomfort with potential losses.

Risk Avoidance

An individual's dispositional tendency to avoid risks, shaped by personal perceptions of what level of risk is acceptable.

Risk Propensity

An individual's relatively stable yet context-sensitive tendency or willingness to take risks. Influences how individuals evaluate uncertainty and perceive potential threats/opportunities.

Risk Taking

Voluntary behavior that exposes an individual to uncertain outcomes where the possibility of loss, harm, or failure is present.

Willingness to Take Risks

An individual's readiness to engage in behaviors or pursue new ideas that carry the possibility of negative consequences.

Search Strategy (Table S1)

Source	Search Terms	Results
EPSCO Database	AB ("risk propensity" OR "risk preference" ...) AND AB (work OR employ ...)	2,646
Web of Science	ab=("risk propensity" OR "risk preference" ...) AND ab=(work OR employ ...)	1,968
Journal Specific	SO("academy of management journal") ... AND AB(risk*)	1,580

Publication Bias (Table S4)

Outcome	Begg's Rank	Egger's Regression	Conclusion
Task Performance	-0.028	-2.182*	Possible Bias
CWBs	-0.324*	-4.564**	Evidence of Bias
Safety Incidents	-0.315	-1.345	No Evidence
Creative Performance	-0.117	0.410	No Evidence

LLM Attribute Coding Prompts (Appendix A)

For each entry, rate the collection of item(s) on the following dimensions: **Dimension 1: Perceived Risks** Definition: To what extent can this behavior result in a personal loss, damage, or harm? Scale: 1 (Not at all risky) to 10 (Extremely risky). **Dimension 2: Expected Benefits** Definition: To what extent can this behavior result in a personal benefit, gain, or advantage? Scale: 1 (Not at all beneficial) to 10 (Extremely beneficial). **Dimension 3: Outcome Uncertainty** Definition: To what extent is the outcome of this behavior uncertain and unpredictable? Scale: 1 (Not at all uncertain) to 10 (Extremely uncertain). **Dimension 4: Organizational Valence** Definition: The extent to which the behavior contributes to the goals and functioning of the organization. Scale: 1 (Extremely negatively) to 10 (Extremely positively).